About an Anomaly that Breaks Relativity
(2008)
Helmut Hansen
(in absentia) GERMANY; helmuthansen@gmx.de
The first step in scientific revolution or paradigm shift is the awareness of the existence of an anomaly. That means to see clearly that a specific fact cannot be explained by a universally accepted paradigm. Although relativity - one of the most driving paradigms of contemporary physics - is working efficiently in the most cases but there is one fact, which cannot be explained by it. This fact concerns a specific coincidence. Physicists have observed that the local inertial compass coincides with the frame of the most distant galax-ies and quasars within the present measurement accuracy of 2.5 x 10-4 arcsec/year. In modern physics Machs Principle is the hypothesis most favoured to explain this fact. It maintains that the local inertial compass, f.e. Foucaults pendulum, is determined by all the masses in the Universe in such a way that the measured coincidence is given. As Machs Principle implies that not only gravity but all physics shall be formulated without any reference to an all-pervasive background like an ether, it is physically considered as the climax of relativity. But Machs Principle could never be formulated in a precise way. The above-mentioned coincidence is still unexplained. But it is not yet epistemologically recognized as an anomaly that breaks the relativistic paradigm. In this paper an argument is presented that could change the epistemological status of this fact tremendously. Actually this fact can be explained as the signature of an omnipresent and invisible entity.
ABOUT TIME: the Three Stages of Enlightenment Concerning the Synchronization and Rate-Correction of Terrestrial Clocks
(2005)
Jim N. Hodges
(in absentia) 2 Gunyah Court, Kurunjang, Victoria 3337 Australia; etherdrift@ozemail.com.au
1) Circa 2000: a) One second is duration of 9,192,631,770 microwaves from caesium-133; b) Paris atomic clock sync. signals are iso-tropic with respect to Non-Rotating Earth-Centred Frame; c) Clock rates slowed by speed wrt the NRECF, and increased by remoteness from Earth center; d) To maintain synchronization, clocks higher than Paris are biased to run slower.
2) Circa 3000: a) Master clock in orbit on other side of Sun; b) ’Arcadia’ sync. signals are isotropic wrt the Sun-Centred Frame; c) Clock rates are slowed by speed wrt SCF, and increased by remoteness from the Sun; d) To maintain synchronization, the Paris clock is bi-ased to run faster to compensate for Earth gravity, and biased cyclically to run slower at noon and faster at midnight to compensate for Earth spin.
3) Circa 4000: a) Master clock at cosmic rest (370 km/s in the direction of Aquarius); b) ’Elysium’ sync. signals are isotropic wrt the Cosmic Background Radiation Frame; c) Clock rates are slowed by speed wrt the CBRF, and increased by remoteness from Milky Way centre; d) To maintain synchronization, the Paris clock is biased to run faster to compensate for Sun gravity, and biased cyclically to run slower in June and faster in December to compensate for Earth’s orbital speed.
About Time: The Three Stages of Enlightenment (repeat from 2005?)
(2006)
Jim N. Hodges
2 Gunyah Court, Kurunjang, Victoria 3337 Australia; etherdrift@ozemail.com.au
Circa year 2000: a) One second is duration of 9,192,631,770 microwaves from caesium-133; b) Paris atomic clock sync. signals are isotropic wrt Non-Rotating Earth-Centred Frame; c) Clock rates slowed by speed wrt the NRECF, and increased by remoteness from Earth centre; d) To maintain synchronization, clocks higher than Paris are biased to run slower. Circa year 3000: a) Master clock in orbit on other side of Sun; b) ’Arcadia ’ sync. signals are isotropic wrt the Sun-Centred Frame; c) Clock rates are slowed by speed wrt SCF, and increased by remoteness from the Sun; d) To maintain synchronization, the Paris clock is biased to run faster to compensate for Earth gravity, and biased cyclically to run slower at noon and faster at midnight to compensate for Earth spin. Circa year 4000: a) Master clock at cosmic rest (370 km/s in the direction of Aquarius); b) ’Elysium’ sync. signals are isotropic wrt the Cosmic Background Radiation Frame; c) Clock rates are slowed by speed wrt the CBRF, and increased by remoteness from Milky Way center; d) To maintain synchronization, the Paris clock is biased to run faster to compensate for Sun gravity, and biased cyclically to run slower in June and faster in December to compensate for Earth’s orbital speed.
Absolute and Relative Speeds of Light
(2008)
Dr. Janusz Dyonizy Laski
(in absentia) Sanocka 11/65, 30-620 Krakow, POLAND; laski@autocom.pl
It is shown that in particular case of photons, the Lorentz transform formulae for distance and time are simpler and take the same form as that of - corrected for relativity - Doppler formulae for the length and period of the wave. It means that considering light as particles and using Lorentz transform we obtained an unexpected result indicating that light is an electromagnetic wave which obeys the Doppler formulae. According to Doppler the length and period of the wave are relative and transform in such a way that their ratio does not change. The Doppler formulae show that the phase speed of the wave defined as the ratio of the length of the wave to its period is absolute. Should light be considered as a wave then the second Einstein postulate would automatically be given by Doppler formulae whether corrected for relativity or not. Light considered as a wave would have at least two speeds: the absolute phase speed and the relative speed of the wave front. Particles (photons) do not have two different speeds but the waves do. Instead of considering the light as photons and introducing the second Einstein postulate, we propose to accept the idea of particle-wave duality of light. In the case of waves it would automatically assure the existence of the absolute phase speed and would provide the relative speed of the light wave front. It is argued that introducing corrections for relativity into the Doppler formulae for electromagnetic waves we should also correct Doppler formulae for elastic waves. Otherwise the first Einstein postulate is violated.
Absolute Space, Absolute Time, & Absolute Motion
(2006)
Peter F. Erickson
2215 N.E. 163rd Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98684; peterferickson@aol.com www.infinityabsolute.com
Absolute Space, Absolute TIme, and Absolute Motion exist. These are shown to be facts through an investigation of the nature of infinitesimals. Knowledge of that nature also makes the irrational magnitudes within the unit comprehensible. The number line is shown to be cognitively superior to set theory; furthermore, non-Euclidean geometry is shown to be a mere manipulation of symbols and not an expression of a ëparallel universeí. Inside, the reader will also learn about a hitherto unknown number system locked within the square root of negative one. He will also discover in the infinitesimal calculus a hidden key to a level of reality beneath that of nano-technology. The foundation of science is not some vague generality, but the exercise of reason as originating from the human sensorium. There is no difference between mathematical and ordinary inductive reasoning. The paper is the first chapter of the book, Absolute Space, Absolute Time, & Absolute Motion.
No serious dynamic theory in physics can do without interactions, the trademark of event relativities as contrasted to kinematic mod-els. While fundamental force laws (Newton, Coulomb) have been successfully formulated in terms of simple one-body potentials, dy-namics calls for the more elaborate time-dependent potentials as pioneered by Weber for the case of two charges in relative motion. Local dynamic environments, changing incessantly in Nature’s real scenarios, are conveniently rendered in terms of generalized po-tentials which provide the relevant information on forces acting under changing conditions in agreement with Newton’s Action-Reaction Principle. Improper treatment or total neglect of potential energy in “special relativity” and Copenhagen quantum theory discloses the weakness of these observer-centered theories. Important concepts (e.g. an upper speed limit, action, wave propagation, energy - a late arrival in physics, etc.) require absolute space, universal time, and a proper dynamic system of reference. The infinite and eternal Universe with its ubiquitous background potential defines the one-and-only legitimate dynamic inertial system where all of Nature’s laws hold without any of the severe restrictions artificially imposed by gedanken experiments and mathematical constructs.
Action-at-a-Distance on the Light Cone
(2006)
Al F. Kracklauer
Belvederer Allee 23C (PF 2040), 99425 Weimar, Germany; af.kracklauer@web.de http://www.nonloco-physics.000freehosting.com
I will present a description of a modified version of what is known as the ëWheeler-Feynman action-at-a-distanceí formulation of relativistic electrodynamics, but devoid of advanced interaction and asymmetric aging. I will describe initial results of a study using this formulation to analyze time dilation experiments using muon decay which shows that this a space-time perspective effect that does not contribute to asymmetric aging (the twin paradox).
How do you add relative velocities?
(2004)
Prof. Zbigniew Oziewicz
UNAM, Facultad de Esudios Superiores, C.P. 54715 Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de Mexico C.P. 54715 Mexico; oziewicz@servidor.unam.mx
This paper was presented on XXV International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics, Mexico, August 2004.
Following Minkowski in 1908, we consider the relative velocity to be the Minkowski space-like vector. We show that the Lorentz boost entails the relative velocity to be ternary: ternary relative velocity is a velocity of a body with respect to interior observer as seen by a preferred exterior observer. The Lorentz boost imply non-associative addition of ternary relative Einsteinian velocities. Within Einstein’s special relativity theory, each preferred observer (aether, fixed stars, etc), determine the unique relative velocity among each pair of massive bodies. The special relativity founded on axiom that each pair of reference systems must be related by the Lorentz isometry, needs the preferred reference system in order to have the unique Einstenian relative velocity among each pair of massive bodies. This choice-dependence of relative velocity violate the Relativity Principle that all reference systems must be equivalent.
Adriaan van Maanens Challenge to the Expanding Universe
(2005)
Mr. Robert S. Fritzius
305 Hillside Drive, Starkville, MS 39759 United States; fritzius@bellsouth.net http://www.shadetreephysics.com
Between 1916 and 1927, Mt. Wilson astronomer Adriaan van Maanen published twelve papers on astrometric measurements of inter-nal motions in what were known then as spiral nebulae. Of special note were the Messier objects M33, M51, M81, and M101. These measured angular motions were of such a magnitude (averaging about 20 milli-arcsecs per year in the peripheries of the objects) that one could imply that the nebulae were physically associated with the Milky Way.
In the 1920 Shapley-Curtis “Scale of the Universe” debate, Shapley relied heavily on van Maanen’s nebular internal motions in his ar-gument for a small universe (Milky Way plus local denizens.) However, by 1937 the quest to prove the existence of an expanding uni-verse, which was driven by a desire to satisfy Einstein-Lemaître cosmology, aided by Hubble’s interpretation of cosmological redshift as a velocity effect, buried van Maanen’s findings. Astronomers, in general, decided that van Maanen had made some kind of never explained procedural error and there was no reason to do any further internal motion measurements on spiral nebulae. Spiral nebulae became renamed “galaxies” and in general were relegated to great distances from the Milky Way as other island universes.
Van Maanen never recanted his findings. It seems that ongoing angular velocity measurements of galaxies can validate van Maanen’s measurements or finally put them to rest. If they are validated, then Big Bang theory is in serious trouble on a new front.
The Aether and its Effects
(2005)
James B. Wright
400 Hiram Page Rd. #55, Yreka, CA 96097 United States; jbwright@snowcrest.net
In the Philosophy of Objectivism, Ayn Rand’s point of beginning is the recognition of “Existence”, per se, as axiomatic, upon which she builds her entire philosophy. In Physics we need a similar axiomatic concept, a point of beginning upon which the whole structure of physics may be built. Again, Existence is that concept, however we cannot leave it at that. Existence needs to be defined. This necessitates an Existence that is literally infinite and eternal, of which our Observable Universe is but a tiny sample. Tiny though it may be, it’s all we have; however, it appears that it is adequate to give us a clue as to the nature of Existence.
Two basic problems need addressing: 1) the Cosmological Redshift must be explained without recourse to an Expanding Universe, or Tired Light, etc.; 2) the fact of our existence, vibrantly alive, after an eternity of burning. These problems are the subject of this paper. The aether is seen herein as a necessary part of existence, not in the sense of an intellectual or emotional need but as an existent, every much so and as fundamental as are the electrons and protons and neutrons that we are familiar with. It is identified as the energy-mass that comes from the stars of the galaxies as they burn, one of the two basic components of our Universe, the other being its material-mass. Evidence of this aether is found in the work of Vera Rubin, specifically in her “Dark Matter” which envelops the spiral galaxies that she studied. From this the characteristics of the aether are determined, among which are the permittivity and the permeability of the “vacuum” of space. A solution to the Cosmological Redshift, without the need for an Expanding Universe, is found, as is a mechanism for the development of the gravitational force utilizing only characteristics to be found in our “Electrical Universe”. The Biefeld-Brown Effect is seen to be plausible and therefore probable. The paper ends with an Addendum that quantifies the components of the Cosmic Cycle required to sustain our Universe as it appears to be after an eternity of existence.
Aether Theory Clock Retardation vs. Relativity Theory Time Dilation1
(2008)
Dr. Joseph Lévy
4 Square Anatole France, 91250, St Germain les Corbeil, France; levy.joseph@orange.fr
Assuming a model of aether non-entrained by translational motion, one can provide a rational explanation of the experimental processes affecting the measurement of time when clocks are in motion. Contrary to special relativity, aether theory does not assume that the time itself is affected by motion; the reading displayed by the moving clocks results from two facts: 1/ Due to their movement through the aether, they tick at a slower rate than in the aether frame. 2/ The usual synchronization procedures generate a synchronism discrepancy effect. These facts give rise to an alteration of the measurement of time which, as we shall show, exactly explains the experimental results. When the measurement distortions are corrected, the time proves to be the same in all co-ordinate systems moving away from one another with rectilinear uniform motion. These considerations strongly support the existence of a privileged aether frame. The consequences concern special relativity (SR) as well as general relativity (GR) which is an extension of SR. We should note that Einstein himself became conscious of the necessity of the aether from 1916, in contradiction with conventional relativity. Yet the model of aether presented here differs from Einsein’s in that it assumes the existence of an aether drift, in agreement with the discoveries of G.F. Smoot and his co-workers listed in Smoot’s Nobel Lecture, December 8th 2006. Although it makes reference to previous studies, this text remains self sufficient.
An Analysis of Energy and Charge
(2008)
Arnold G. Gulko
1835 Arcola Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20902 United States; Aggulko@aol.com http://members.aol.com/Aggulko
It is interesting to compare energy and charge, for the two are sometimes confused. To illustrate this confusion, in quantum mechanics the electron is considered to be a point charge, though this writer does not agree. However, this simple assumption has not only confused those who accept quantum mechanics, but it has also confused others who neglect to recognize that this mistake is part of what is today perceived as science. So it infects even those who find the assumptions and non-objective analysis of quantum mechanics unacceptable.
Anomalies in the History of Relativity
(1999)
Prof. Ian McCausland
2111 Lakeshore Blvd West, Apt. 1002, Toronto, Ontario M8V 4B2 Canada; imccausland@sympatico.ca
Journal of Scientific Exploration, V13, N2, pp. 271-290 (1999). In November 1919 it was announced to the world that observations of a solar eclipse that occurred in May 1919 supported Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. That announcement was one of the most influential events of 20th-century science, since Einstein’s instant rise to enormous fame arose directly from it. In spite of the confidence with which the announcement was made, however, it was later realized that the accuracy of the observations was insufficient to constitute a reliable confirmation of the phenomenon that was predicted. Furthermore, another of the formulas published in the general theory, for the variation in the perihelion of the planet Mercury, had already been derived by another scientist several years earlier using another method. In spite of the fact that the experimental evidence for relativity seems to have been very flimsy in 1919, Einstein’s enormous fame has remained intact and his theory has ever since been held to be one of the highest achievements of human thought. The resulting deification of Einstein has had some unfortunate effects: critics of his theory are often dismissed as cranks, and the search for better theories has been inhibited. It is suggested that the announcement of the eclipse observations in 1919 was not a triumph of science as it is often portrayed, but rather an obstacle to objective consideration of alternatives.
Anti-Relativity Just Like Anti-Ghost.
(2007)
Prof. Zifeng Li
Petroleum Engineering Department, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 China; zfli@ysu.edu.cn
Tianjiang Li
Science, 2007, (17): 122. (in simplified Chinese).
Also: (1) Chinese Academic Forum, 2006, (35):58. (in traditional Chinese)
An Ants-Eye View of Quantum Mechanics
(1998)
Mike Johnson
3012 N. 32nd St., #22, Phoenix, AZ 85018; mikejohnson@cox.net
6pp. Quantum physics presents mind-boggling mysteries; the apparent indeterminacy of particle characteristics until they are observed, and the apparent faster-than-light communication between distant pairs of particles when either partner is observed. These phenomena seem to be counterintuitive and are very difficult to conceive. As an aid to picturing this strange universe, we consider a simple analogy - ants living in a Mobius space, studying their subatomic, cointron, particles. Cointrons are minute spinning coin like particles. Their head/tail “spin” characteristics are indeterminate until they are stopped (observed). The nature of the Mobius space permits a simple visualization of faster-than-light "communication" between particle pairs. This model suggests that our quantum quandary may result from the limitations of our senses in interpreting events occurring in a higher dimensional reality.
The Apolo Moon Landings Is A Put-up Job
(2008)
Prof. Zifeng Li
Petroleum Engineering Department, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 China; zfli@ysu.edu.cn
The Apolo Moon Landings is great feat or a put-up job? Several gammons in The Apolo Moon Landings, mostly are discussed in ¡°Moon Landings Maze¡±, are disclosed. The result is that The Apolo Moon Landings being a put-up job for frightenning Russia in the America- Russia contend for hegemony . The Apolo Moon Landings cheated the Russia Government, at the same time, the people in the whole world.
The Asymptotic Box
(2003)
Dr. Robert J. Heaston
220 Arlington Ave., Naperville, IL 60565 United States; robert@drheaston.com
An asymptote is a goal that can probably never be reached, and if reached,
cannot be crossed. If crossed, there may be no return. There are at least six
asymptotes that apply to our universe. A box has six sides. Consequently, we can use the metaphor that our universe is an asymptotic box. The six asymptotes of the natural world that apply to our universe are birth, death, the speed of light, absolute zero, gravitational collapse limit, and the superforce. There is also an asymptotic box of scientific reasoning. The paper will define the asymptotes and then discuss various consequences.
Atomic Clocks Coming and Going
(1977)
Dr. Louis Essen
Great Bookham, Surrey United Kingdom; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Essen
The authors of the Hafele and Keating atomic clock experiment in their theorical discussion, ignore detailed and fully documented criticisms of Einstein’s relativity theory which have been made and have not been refuted.
Ballistic Explorations For Relativity
(2008)
Sadanand S. Savarkar
(in absentia) 18, Walchand Terraces,Mumbai-400034 (INDIA); sssavarkar @ gmail.com
Following in the footsteps of Newton in the author’s science-play The Catherine Conspiracy: or The Honest Relativity, it is seen that, apart from a single constant required to be fixed from the empirical experience, Lorentz’s length-contraction and clock-retardation postulates follow deductively and uniquely from the single Postulate of ‘Relativity’ alone. Newton’s path to the Gulliveresque relativity for inertial motion, involving only shooting of revolving shells, shows, from simple readily visualisable experiments and elementary considerations, the necessity of a ‘velocity-twist effect’ that is scarcely known.
Bases of Gravitation
(1999)
Prof. Anatoly A. Denisov
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; http://graviton.neva.ru/index_eng.html
Gravitational waves are absent. This paper is devoted to the new theory of gravitation based on informational analysis of physical processes.
Basic Electromagnetism (Unified Field Theory)
(1999)
Prof. Anatoly A. Denisov
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; http://graviton.neva.ru/index_eng.html
This paper is dedicated to information interpretation of electromagnetism, according to which only electric field is real and the rest is artefacts, distortion of field information caused by the motion of interacting charges. This approach allowed to correct and amend the field equation system, correct calculation of kinetic energy density and quantity of the motion of a charge, interaction force of the charges in motion, show the electric nature of gravitation and describe longitudinal electrostrictive waves, i.e. to set up a basic unified field theory as well as to define the mass of neutrino. Neutrino (graviton) mass and radius were calculated.
Basic Statements Required for a Minimum Contradictions Everything
(2005)
Dr. Athanassios A. Nassikas
(in absentia) 10, Ethnikis Amtistasseos Str., Larissa, 41335 Greece; a.a.nass@mail.gr
It is commonly accepted that so many scientists disagree on various physics theories proposed. The reason why someone believes that a perfect theory can be stated is based on his faith that the basic communication system, through which any theory can be stated, is perfect; if this system is contradictory it is meaningless to try for a perfect theory since it would be stated through a contradictory sys-tem. The basic communication system consists of logic , i.e. classical logic plus Leibniz sufficient reason principle, and of an axiom that states that there is anterior-posterior; in fact for everything we seek the reason of its power and we put one phrase or one word after another. In previous works, efforts have been made to show that this communication system is inherently contradictory. If this is the case, a least contradictory physics can be stated through a claim for minimum contradictions; this implies that this physics can be stated through the basic communication principles, i.e. through logic and the anterior-posterior axiom, and in extension through space time terms. Thus matter-everything is space-time itself, which is stochastic i.e. not continuum. Note that Einstein had expressed his thoughts on this. On this basis, a minimum contradictions physics can be stated and this is, under certain simplifications, compati-ble either with the GRT or the QM; forces unification can be achieved, arrow of time, electric clusters stability, cold fusion, Biefeld –Brown effect can be explained. All these are based on two statements proving that the basic communication system is contradictory and on the claim for minimum contradictions. Thus there might be a constructive question to the scientific community of whether these statements proof, which constitutes the main part of this paper, is valid or not.
Basics of Motion Reflection Theory (MRT)
(2006)
Prof. Anatoly A. Denisov
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; http://graviton.neva.ru/index_eng.html
Here we set a rational theory of high velocity motion, which takes into consideration some effects, caused by its inadequate reflection by the environment and measurement instrumentation, the above-mentioned theory being entitled to replace the irrational and inadequate theory of relativity, which seems to be erroneous and contradictory to common sense. In this work we:
- Show the electric origins of mass, as well as of strong or weak coupling (interaction), and also of mass invariability in the process of motion.
- Show the fallacy of relativistic energy and the inapplicability of the Lorentz transformation for the case of electrodynamics.
- Give a description of a new electrostrictive field and its longtitudinal waves.
- Show the impossibility of gravitational waves and the instantaneousness of gravitational data propagation.
- Explain the nature of ball lightning, of the electron, of the neutrino, and define the mass of the latter.
Battle Of Williamsburg
(1994)
Harry Hamlin Ricker III
114 Parkway Drive, Newport News, VA 23606 United States; kc3mx@yahoo.com
This is a tactical history of the Battle Of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. This battle occured during the Peninsula Campaign of 1862.
Beyond Whose Head?
(1995)
Geoffrey Read
22, Vicarage Road, London, SW14 8RU United Kingdom; jg.read@ukonline.co.uk www.geoffreyread.com
“The World is my idea … To have brought this proposition to clear consciousness, and in it the problem of the ideal and the real, i.e. of the world in the head to the world outside the head … is the distinctive feature of modern philosophy.” Thus Arthur Schopenhauer, a real philosopher, in 1818. On the one hand, then, the world-as-perceived (the phenomenal world); on the other, the-world-in-itself (the noumenal world). Two distinct sets of events: the phenomenal within the head, and the noumenal beyond it. And we can no more understand the noumenal by naively applying to it the categories of the phenomenal than we could find our way around Paris with a London A to Z.
Bi-Directional Wavelength in Moving Systems
(2008)
Mr. Steven Bryant
Primitive Logic, Inc, 704 Sansome Street, San Francisco CA
Wavelength is generally accepted as the total length of one cycle of a given frequency. Conceptually this length, as measured along the X-axis, is the distance from the origin to the endpoint and extends in one direction, which means that the value for length also represents the value of the endpoint along the X-axis. He we find that that wavelength is bi-directional in nature and that the total value assigned to length does not also represent the position of the endpoint along the X-axis. This bi-directional wavelength characteristic is inherent in the mathematical derivations of both Einstein and Lorentz, but is not incorporated into their resulting discussions. Not only does this lead them to incorrectly normalized their resulting equations, they also incorrectly conclude that their input and output values represent points rather than lengths. Once the equations are corrected to account for bi-directional wavelength, we summarize how the corrected equations yield equal, or better, experimental results for frequency- and wavelength-based experiments than the existing Einstein and Lorentz equations. This finding of bi-directional wavelength, along with the recognition that the equations transform lengths instead of points, will require a revised theoretical model such as the model of Complete and Incomplete Coordinate Systems.
Big Bang Reaches Deflation Stage
(2008)
Dr. Tom Van Flandern
(in absentia by video conference) Meta Research ; tomvf@metaresearch.org
The essence of the Big Bang theory is the origin of space and time in the gigantic explosion of a singularity. The momentum of that explosion was, and continues to be, imparted only to newly created, energy-rich space, which continually forces everything not bound by gravity to become farther apart. The high energy of the initial space spreads, cools, and condenses to become matter. New space continues to be created even today, adding ‘dark energy" at the ambient temperature between galaxies. To avoid edge problems, ex-ceeding-the-speed-of-light problems, and fine-tuning problems, an early period of rapid expansion called "inflation" was added to the theory in the 1980’s. Inflation is expansion of the universe much like expansion when air is pumped into a balloon. It is exempt from the light-speed velocity limit because such expansion involves no motion of matter through local space, analogous to objects taped to the balloon’s surface getting farther apart without moving on the surface. Over the past two decades, numerous serious problems with the Big Bang theory have arisen. We presented 50 such problems at the 2005 NPA meeting, but new ones continue to appear at the rate of 4-5 per year. Now, observational contradictions have arisen to the Big Bang’s two fundamental pillars: that cosmological redshift is caused by expansion, and that the cosmic microwave radiation originates from the background, beyond all visible galaxies.
At first, supernova data appeared to confirm expansion by showing evidence of "time dilation", which would imply that distant galaxies really are getting farther away from us. However, Malmquist bias is a well-known, well-understood phenomenon in cosmol-ogy, and correcting for it is not optional. In brief, for any population having a more-or-less normal distribution of member properties such as size or brightness, there will be both more members and more extremes of properties with distance because increasing distance samples a volume proportional to distance cubed; and at the same time, samples are absent more of the small or faint end of the distri-bution with distance squared because those members are harder to see. The net of these two effects is a continuing skew in samples with increasing distance, biased toward seeing the most extreme on the high side (e.g., largest and brightest) members of the popula-tion. In the case of supernovas, the brightest have the slowest light curves, emulating a time dilation effect. So when the supernova data is corrected for Malmquist bias, all evidence for "time dilation" vanishes. This means the universe cannot be expanding. In addition, studies of the microwave radiation showed two unexpected results: (1) the octopole moments of the distribution of this radiation are strongly correlated with the ecliptic plane and solar velocity component through the local interstellar medium; and (2) the "SZ effect" showing heating of the radiation by x-rays in some galaxy clusters now shows cooling in roughly half the cases, consistent with random fluctuations but not with x-ray heating. Both of these studies indicate that at least the major part of the cosmic micro-wave radiation must have a local or intermediate-distance origin, but cannot be from the background. By any objective judgment, the air has now gone out of the balloon (deflation), and these new results mean that the Big Bang is no longer a viable hypothesis. It should be taken off the scientific table to make room for better models. Already-well-discussed possibili-ties are QSSC (quasi-steady-state cosmology), PC (plasma cosmology), VMC (variable-mass cosmology), and MM (meta model).
Science policy is an interference of obscure interests and mentalities affecting the efficiency of the act of science. If they cannot influence science policy, scientists can instead break mentalities, so substantially improving their performance. Consider our derivation of the LT (GEDí05) as effect of the determination by light signals of the radius vectors changing systematically over time in direction and magnitude with respect to inertial observers. The initially assumed concepts of absolute rest (by coordinate systems at absolute rest with axes not determined by bodies of a reference frame), absolute time (by inertial identical clocks running at a rate independent of their speeds) and determinable absolute speeds -the opposite of Einsteinís- were validated by our derivation of the LT. They were validated in SRT by the explanation given to the manipulation of equations which led Einstein to the LT in 1905. In their turn, by b x=Cartesian coordinate and b t=Newtonian time, they validated the classical principle of the physical determination of equations in SRT and the relativistic quantum theories, raising genuine subquantum information with application to radically new technologies. Einsteinís development of SRT without his 1905 derivation of the LT (against its correctness and impact) proves the essential part played by revelation in the act of science, that scientists deliberate decisions disturb the revealed knowledge, involving, in the best case ëincomprehensibleí works. Diracís and der Waerdenís failing in obtaining the subquantum information at their time supports this conclusion. The rationale we gave to Einsteinís 1905 derivation of the LT shows -for the first time- that rationales can be provided to some revealed knowledge. Therefore, scientists can, breaking the atheistic mentality (beneficiary of a formidable logistics), as well as the mentality that revealed knowledge cannot be turned into rational knowledge, to substantially improve their creative performance.
Building a Better Physics Paradigm
(2008)
Viren Fernandes
(in absentia by video conference) 137 Bethany B, Ganga Compound, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu 624101 India; vir_3000@yahoo.co.in www.aither.weebly.com
C, Charged Particles, Electrodynamics, Radiation and All That
(2006)
Dr. Clarence L. Dulaney
2226 Fairgreen Drive, Missouri City, TX 77489; cldtx1@sbcglobal.net mywebpage.netscape.com/clarencedulaney
Basically, C arises, along with all the other topics in the title from relative motion of charged particles. In 1893, J.J. Thomson showed theoretically that C should be the limiting speed of a charged particle. He attributed this to an increase of mass of the particle with speed. Weberian Electrodynamics is based on the relative motion of charged particles, and accounts for the radiation from accelerated charged particles. A. Einstein is incorrect in stating that the speed of light in free space is not affected by the speed of the source. This is shown by the "red shift" of the spectrum of stars that are moving away from the earth-bound observer.
Carezani Frame Reduction
(2008)
David Scott de Hilster
1360 Redondo Ave. #301, Long Beach, CA 90804 United States; david@dehilster.com http://www.dehilster.com
In the early 1940s, Ricardo Carezani, an Argentinean engineering student who later received his doctoral in physics, found that more than one frame in the Lorentz Systems in Relative Motion’s derivation was, one of them, mathematically, and physically redundant. The removing the redundant frame and using a single one resulted in a new set of equations that are, conceptually in motion, Newtonian, have a logical explanation, even does not blow up at the velocity "c", and presents no paradoxes. The new "Autodynamics" equations have been subsequently used to improve current mainstream equations such as the Compton Effect, to derive Bohr’s Atom without the need for wave equations, and to describe subatomic interactions without the need for the neutrino, etc. The math behind the redundant frame will be shown, the derivation of the new Autodynamics equations, as well as the mismatching exponent form Einstein’s attempt to generate the Lorentz equations from special relativity.
A Case for a Fluid Substrate
(2006)
Juan Calsiano
jcalsiano@gmail.com http://www.aethernitatis.net
The concept of space may be one of the most widely discussed in the history of human thought. Innumerable philosophers and many scientists (although acting as true “natural philosophers”) have dedicated some of their works to defining space and exploring its properties, trying to elucidate the qualities that appertain to its nature. A common issue of debate, for example, is whether space is an ontological entity itself, or simply a conceptual framework needed in order to think about the world.
Cause of the Spectral Characteristics of Quasars and QSO’s
(2008)
Mr. Charles E. Weber
(in absentia) 1908 Country Club Rd, Hendersonville, NC, 28739 USA; isoptera@mchsi.com
This is a hypothesis which attempts to explain the characteristics of QSO’s (quasi stellar objects) as an optical illusion created by gravitational lensing of the photons from the opposite jet emanating from a huge [1] mass at the center of an active galaxy the axis of which is oriented toward Earth [2], by the magnified reflection of ultraviolet and X-rays from a dense plate of ions on the surface of an accretion disk, and by infrared rays emitted from dust and gas further out, the last not magnified as greatly. BL Lac objects are perceived as QSO’s from which primarily rays emitted by atoms or reflected by the ions on the accretion disk are seen. BAL QSO’s and infrared QSO’s are perceived as active galaxies viewed from 90 degrees to the side of the axis.
The Changing Nature of Centrifugal Force
(2008)
Harry Hamlin Ricker III
114 Parkway Drive, Newport News, VA 23606 United States; kc3mx@yahoo.com
A draft on the nature of centrifugal force
Classical Bell’s Inequalities
(2000)
Dr. Vesselin C. Noninski
149 W 12th Street #3-4, New York, NY 10011 United States; vesselin.noninski@verizon.net http://philo.at/kollektion/index.php/browse/index/8?sortId=&recordsPage=16
An example of a classical system violating Bell’s inequalities is discussed.
Existence of a classical system violating Bell’s inequalities takes away the
“mysterious” property usually called “non-locality” which according to
some characterizes quantum-mechanical systems.
A Classical Electrodynamic String Theory of Elementary Particles
(2006)
Dr. Charles William Lucas Jr.
29045 Livingston Dr., Mechanicsville, MD 20659-3271 United States; bill.lucas001@gmail.com www.commonsensescience.org
A new classical electrodynamic string model of elementary particles is presented based on the derived universal electrodynamic force law. This classical approach is also based on plasma physics experiments with plasmons which indicate that continuous charge fibers can exist without radiating energy and can be combined to build larger complex stable structures. The model consists of intertwining closed loops of classical electromagnetic charge fibers possessing chiral symmetry. A physical demonstration of the intertwining charge fibers will be available for all to see. The resulting elementary particle model with 3x3x3 symmetry can explain the internal structure, decays, interactions, and excited states of all the observed elementary particles, i.e. leptons, mesons, and hadrons. The classical model conserves energy, linear and angular momentum, and charge fibers at all times without exception! Arguments are given to show the superiority of this model to the current Standard Model of elementary particles.
Classical Electrodynamic Theory of the Atom
(2006)
Dr. Charles William Lucas Jr.
29045 Livingston Dr., Mechanicsville, MD 20659-3271 United States; bill.lucas001@gmail.com www.commonsensescience.org
A classical electrodynamic geometrical packing model for the structure of the atom is developed based on the derived universal electrodynamic force law. This model incorporates the physical structures of electrons from the classical electrodynamic string model of elementary particles. From the physical characteristics of real electrons this work derives, using combinatorial geometry, the number and orientation of electrons that will pack into the various physical shells about the nucleus in agreement with the observed structure of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The constraints used in the combinatorial geometry derivation are based upon simple ring dipole magnet experiments and spherical symmetry. This model of the atom, based on finite-size ring electrons, gives rise to a new mechanism for the binding of atoms to form molecules. Instead of valence point electrons performing orbits about two nuclei to bind them together, stationary ring electrons bind atoms together electrically and magnetically. Each electron acts as a small ring magnet. From a magnetic basis the model explains the reason why the periodic table has only seven periods. The new classical model predicts new states for the stationary electron in the extreme ultraviolet not possible for orbiting point electrons in quantum type theories. NASA rocket space probes found 64 lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the extreme ultraviolet in perfect agreement with the predictions of this new ring model of the hydrogen atom. Arguments are given showing the superiority of the classical model of the atom over relativistic quantum models.
A Classical Electrodynamic Theory of the Nucleus
(2006)
Dr. Charles William Lucas Jr.
29045 Livingston Dr., Mechanicsville, MD 20659-3271 United States; bill.lucas001@gmail.com www.commonsensescience.org
A classical electrodynamic geometrical packing model for the structure of the nucleus is developed based on the derived universal electrodynamic force law. This model incorporates the physical structures of electrons, protons, and neutrons from the classical electrodynamic string model of elementary particles. From the physical characteristics of these real particles this work derives, using combinatorial geometry, the number and orientation of electrons and protons that will pack into the various physical shells of the nucleus in agreement with the observed structure of the Table of the Nuclides. In this model neutrons inside the nucleus polarize into electrons and protons. The model accurately predicts the nuclear ìmagic numbersî indicative of nuclear shell structure, the spin of all nuclides, and explains the physical origin of the liquid drop features of nuclides. Arguments are given showing the superiority of this classical model of the nucleus over relativistic quantum and liquid drop models.
A Classical Electromagnetic Theory of Everything
(2005)
Dr. Charles William Lucas Jr.
29045 Livingston Dr., Mechanicsville, MD 20659-3271; bill.lucas001@gmail.com www.commonsensescience.org
The notion that the Universe is electrodynamic in nature is developed, by taking into account the finite size of elementary particles and the feedback effects of their self-fields due to that finite size. This has led to the derivation of a new universal electrodynamic force law from the empirical laws of electrodynamics that holds for all scale sizes. It replaces the current relativistic theories of the electrody-namic, gravitational, strong nuclear and weak nuclear force. This new universal force leads to a new theory of elementary particles based on the combinatorial geometry of intertwining continuous charge fibers forming a toroidal ring. This new theory of elementary particles leads in turn to the formation of a new theory of the nucleus and the atom that is also based on combinatorial geometry. The bonding of atoms to form molecules is explained in terms of the coupling of the magnetic fields of electrons. The structure of complex organic molecules such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, sugars, and bacteria are explained in terms of spiraling intertwining fibers. These same spiraling fibers are able to explain the properties of the solar system better than Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation and Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. Hubble Space Telescope pictures of ring and spiral galaxies record their fiber structure.
Classical Physics Explanation of Electromagnetic Quanta
(2005)
Dr. Enrique Morales-Riveira
Carrera 6a NO 86-05, Apto. 403, Bogota, Colombia; emorale1@polcolan,edu.co
This paper deals with a non quantum physics derivation and demonstration of the real physical origin of electromagnetic quanta, eliminating for good all the paradoxes, the confusion and the irrationality of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which states that electromagnetic quanta and ponderable subatomic particles are dual physical objects behaving sometimes as parti-cles, and other times as waves, depending on the characteristics and specifications of the corresponding experimental set-ups. Conse-quently, according to that interpretation, it is meaningless, for example, to ask what a photon or a particle really is. What really matters is what we can say about the physical phenomena observed. Physicists then have clear choices: either they can experimentally leave the subatomic particles and the photons alone and observe the interference patterns; or visually observe the particles’ trajectories in space, washing out the corresponding interference patterns. The two situations are complementary. Similarly, according to same physical interpretation of quantum mechanics, there also exist position and linear momentum complementarities in such a way that if the position of a particle is determined, then, its linear momentum is uncertain, and vice versa. The time and space contraction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by spinning and rotating electrically charged particles, such as electrons and protons, explains with-out any ambiguity whatsoever the origin and nature of photons or quanta of electromagnetic radiation; and rationally solves, once and for all, the mystery of the wave-particle duality of quantum physics, just as will be demonstrated throughout this paper without beat-ing about the bush.
On Classical Physics without Relativity
(2006)
Sergey N. Arteha
Space Research Institute, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997, RUSSIA ; sergey.arteha@mtu-net.ru http://www.antidogma.ru
The report is devoted to the critical analysis of some aspects of the relativity theory (RT). The logical and physical inconsistency of RT can be shown on the basis of some paradoxes, such as the modified twins paradox, paradox of antipodes etc (see http://www.antidogma.ru). RT can hide contradictions in the case of two points moving along one straight line only, but it appears inconsistent for more than two objects, or for a three-dimensional movement even for two objects moving on crossed straight lines. The classical approach separates an object under investigation from other Universe. Newton introduced classical notions of kinematics to determine registration points and standards independent on process under investigation (the base for uniform description of various phenomena, for joining of different areas of knowledge and simplification of the description). The relativistic equation of charge movement with the Lorentz force is simply reduced to Newton ís 2nd law. There are neither physical nor mathematical bases to claim, as if Lorentz transformations (received for emptiness) determine all properties in the Universe. Even the analysis of invariance of Maxwell equations shows, that the hypothesis about application of Lorentz transformations to all the physical phenomena is groundless. The analysis of modern electrodynamics also shows, that it cannot be considered as principally strict theory (but only as approximate one). The ultimate conclusion of work consists in necessity of return to the classical concepts of space, time and interpretation of the phenomena on the basis of a classical paradigm.
A Classical Quantum Theory
(2008)
Bruce Harvey BSc
4 Quarry Road Weoley Castle, Birmingham, B29 5PB United Kingdom; bruce@bearsoft.powernet.co.uk http://users.powernet.co.uk/bearsoft
5pp. This work shows that if the concept of the quantization of magnetic flux is included, a combination of electromagnetism and orbital mechanics predicts the quantized energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
A Classical Replacement for Special Relativity
(2008)
Walter Babin
Box 433, Rodney, ON N0L 2C0 Canada; physics@wbabin.net http://www.wbabin.net
The following analysis of the theory of special relativity proves conclusively that all formulas and physical effects devolve to those of classical mechanics and electrodynamics. Specifically, they identify relativistic effects as due to the Doppler modifications of wavelengths, frequencies and energies naturally occurring because of the finite velocity of light in the observer’s frame of reference.
Classical and Special Theory of Relativty
(2008)
Prof. Philipp M. Kanarev
(in absentia) 350063 Krasnodar, Pushkin str. 11, apt. 19, Russia, Krasnodar, Russian Federation; kanphil@mail.ru http://Kanarev.innoplaza.net
The beginning of XXI century – progress of freedom of scientific thinking. Already students understand a full inconsistency STR. There is no force which could enslave their creative potential. Absurd academic doctrines STR, the captivated school and high school textbooks, are doomed. The new generation of scientists will reject them. The classical theory of a relativity has appeared for a long time. In the greatest contribu-tion to its creation have brought Galileo and Newton. It successfully solves the primary goals connected to activity of the person. However, in the beginning of XX century theoretical results which limited a scope of laws of the classical theory of a relativity to speeds considerably smaller speeds of light of 300000 km/s have been received. This fundamental consequence fol-lows from Lorentz’s transformations which appeared in the base of the Special theory of a rela-tivity (STR), developed by A. Einstein. Experimental data which ostensibly confirm reliability STR were found also. However these data had no unequivocal interpretation of their reliability, therefore STR has been subjected to criticism from the moment of its birth. Now this criticism has reached apogee and proofs of an inaccuracy STR have appeared. In what their essence?
A Classical Theory of Everything; Parts 1 & 2
(2005)
Dara Lam
(in absentia) 23, Merry Niketan, Mt. Mary Rd., Mumbai - 400050, India; nomala@powersurfer.net
Primarily because of the inability of the Physicists to explain the results of the Michelson Morley Experiment (MMEx) in the beginning of Twentieth century, the Special Theory of Relativity was accepted. It was then assumed that Light could travel in space as a wave-form, without the presence of any medium like Ether, and it would do so at the same constant velocity for all the observers traveling uniformly relative to each other in space. Both these presumptions appeared to be unreasonable by ordinary commonsense.
It is however possible to explain the results of MMEx using the old classical Wave-Theory of light. When a mirror that is moving in the medium of space reflects light, the reflected frequency in the medium differs from the incident frequency in the medium, due to the Doppler effect. Further the reflected angle from moving mirror in the medium is also different from the incident angle in the medium, which in case of a static mirror are same. An observer who is static in the medium sees these changes, whereas an observer moving with the mirror will find that the incident and reflected frequencies and the angles remain the same.
The two arms at right angles in the Interferometer of the MMEx are adjusted to be exactly the same length, but when it is moving in the medium, the two split light beams travel different path lengths, depending on the velocity of the equipment in the medium. The same velocity also causes Doppler changes in the frequencies. As a result though the two path lengths traveled by two light beams are dif-ferent, the number of wavelengths covered in each path are exactly equal, at any velocity. So interference does not occur at all.
This is fully calculated and explained in the Part 2 of the Article. An experiment to verify the existence of Ether in similar manner as MMEx is proposed; see Para 2.8.
A Classical Theory of Everything; Parts 3 & 4
(2005)
Dara Lam
(in absentia) 23, Merry Niketan, Mt. Mary Rd., Mumbai, 400050 India; daralam@mtnl.net.in
The bound electrons in an atom have quantized energy levels, as amply demonstrated in Spectroscopy. But there is no real justifica-tion to assume that the Electromagnetic energy is quantized and it may be observed as a continuous wave-motion as well as quantized Photons. In Photo-Electricity the outer shell bound electron of an atom has very limited space around it to absorb adequate energy from an incident Electromagnetic waveform of lower frequency, irrespective of its intensity. Only a higher frequency will enable the electron to vibrate in the limited available space, to absorb sufficient energy, to leave the surface of the material. The waveform is con-tinuous and not quantized, but the absorption of energy by the electron has to be of a minimum value for the electron to photo-emit. Similar explanations are given in the Article Part 2, of other observed phenomena, which can be explained using classical Physics and does not need any quantization assumptions.
A model of Ether is proposed which though a continuum is linearly compressible when a material particle is embedded in it. Energy is stored in this compression. This Ether is capable of: 1) Storing the Gravitational Energy of the embedded material particles; 2) Permit-ting free movement of the embedded particles in accordance with the Newtonian Laws of Motion; 3) Storing the Kinetic Energy of the particle moving in it, relative to its original static condition; 4) Storing Electrostatic energy of a charged particle; 5) Storing Magne-tostatic energy of a moving charged particle; 6) Transferring the Electromagnetic Wave energy at the constant velocity in empty Ether. This Ether has been explained in the Part 4. As this explains the storage and conversion of Gravitational, Kinetic and Electro-magnetic energy of a material particle in Ether, it may be considered to be a Classical Theory of Everything.
A Classical Unified Theory of Gravity Replacing Einsteins General Relativity
(2007)
Bruce Harvey BSc
4 Quarry Road Weoley Castle, Birmingham, B29 5PB United Kingdom; bruce@bearsoft.powernet.co.uk http://users.powernet.co.uk/bearsoft
19pp. This work shows that the energy released when a mass falls to earth actually comes from the energy E=mc2 stored in the electric fields of its electrons and quarks. This explains not only the force of gravity, but also the effects of gravitational potential. Rigorous proofs of the bending of light and the effects observed in the orbit of Mercury were included.
Can Clocks Tell Time?
(2008)
Al F. Kracklauer
Belvederer Allee 23C (PF 2040), 99425 Weimar, Germany
Physical Interpretations of Relativity Theory XI. At past PIRT conferences, and elsewhere, I have asserted, that the usual arguments for time dilation, i.e., the twin paradox, contain an oversight that annihilates their conclusion. Inevitably, this has provoked the question: 'how then is the extension of the decay time of moving muons to be understood?'
My response, that this effect can be understood as an effect of space-time perspective, was heard only with skepticism? And, indeed, my own researches into just how this effect can be understood better has led me to a more inclusive viewpoint, namely: while there is no such thing as kinematical time-dilation, there are obviously dynamical effects that objectively slow individual physical processes, e.g., pendulums depend on altitude, biological decay depends on temperature (e.g., in refrigerators). Perspective alone cannot account for everything.
These local modifications of the tempo1 of processes, conned within a subunit of the universe, however, cannot be designated time dilation, anymore that can use of a refrigerator be considered to dilate time for the universe. 'Tempo' must be distinguished from an unalterable 'time,' in that the latter is given by the variable conjugate to the Hamiltonian of the universe and, therefore, unalterable from within the universe; whereas, the flow of sub-processes, or the rate of changes of state (tempo), in sub-volumes of the universe, can be altered at the expense of other portions of the universe. To say that time itself is dilated, would be to say that the flow of all processes in the whole universe has been slowed. Obviously, in this light, clocks tell tempo only of their own inner workings, i.e., for localized processes, as affected by local conditions (potentials) and cannot take account of the whole universe; they do not, therefore, tell 'time' per se.
Muons, however, are thought to be decoupled from all external interaction; thus, they are said to spontaneously decay, without external triggering input.
However, it is a common insight from Quantum Electrodynamics, that so called 'spontaneous decay' can be seen actually as decay stimulated by a vacuum mode.
From this viewpoint, then, acceleration through the vacuum can be taken as a dynamical undertaking doing work on the inner processes of muons, which alters their tempo, analogous to extending biological decay in refrigerators.
This effect, then, in addition to determination of an anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background, provides a physical and operationally practical means of distinguishing a privileged frame, namely that one in which muons have the shortest decaytime. As such, it provides additional support for a Lorentzian viewpoint on Special Relativity.
1 This term is taken from music, where it is instinctively recognized that the rapidity of the flow of a piece of music is gauged in terms of an unalterable, external and universal time flow.
Close the Greenhouse; an Unknown Sink Regulates Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
(2004)
Sven Ingvar Astrand
Sarpsborgsv. 15, Sodertalje, Sweden; unitheory@hotmail.com http://www.theuniphysics.info
People are indoctrinated by speculating theoretical scientists that a greenhouse effect is caused by increasing level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, from increasing emission of burned gases from human societies, industries, transportation, from warming of people's houses, offices and shopping centers. Specialized greenhouse meteorologists say that they don't understand the CO2-budget: what is emitted minus what is absorbed by forests and all other known sinks. It seems that all carbon dioxide that human societies produce disappears somewhere. I have solved this important enigma. My study is easy to understand, and it gives us new, surprising, good insights about how the carbon cycle is in balance. Its interesting interaction with the oceans also reveals problematic insights. CCD, the strange calcite-compensation level, is explained: how it is a condition for nutrition on a molecular level for plankton that is food for other lives, in the oceans, and from the oceans. This study of the carbon cycle also explains how carbon dioxide is the foundation for hydro-carbonates. My study demonstrates that Nature does not produce 'fossil fuels' from fossils. We also get a surprising but convincing revelation about how Nature produces the oxygen we breath. Research on exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen, to and from trees and forests, has been made over a year-cycle. It was found that there was no net emission or absorption of those gases that are important for the life on Earth. This shocking revelation is important. It gives us beautiful new insights into Nature, with self-evident explanations.
Cold Fusion By Plasma Electrolysis of Water
(2003)
Prof. Philipp M. Kanarev
350063 Krasnodar, Pushkin str. 11, apt. 19, Russia, Krasnodar, Russian Federation; kanphil@mail.ru http://Kanarev.innoplaza.net
Journal of Theoretics, V5, N5. 7pp. (Oct/Nov 2003). Coauthor: Tadahiko Mizuno.
Coming Full Circle With Quantum Hall Explanations
(2008)
Dr. Evert Jan Post
(in absentia) 7933 Breen Ave. #Cc, Westchester, CA 90045-3357; evertpost@aol.com
The vast majority of attempts at describing how the two quantum Hall effects fit existing theory have started out by viewing the phonemena in a Copenhagen-Schroedinger perspective. In the course of time extraneous adaptations had to be made ranging from fractional charge, composite fermions all the way to a Chern-Simmons 3-forms invoking strings. Yet this step of entering the field now reveals a structural topology not conveyable by statistical Schrödinger methods. Ironically, the 1- and 2-form components of a physical 3-form used by Kiehn unify integer and fractional effects. More ironic is that this option had already been reported in ref.12 prior to the announced discovery of the fractional effect in 1982.
Commentary on Ritz’s Electrodynamics
(1998)
Mr. Robert S. Fritzius
305 Hillside Drive, Starkville, MS 39759 United States; fritzius@bellsouth.net http://www.shadetreephysics.com
In 1908 Walter Ritz identified seven areas of difficulty with regard to the Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetic field equations, which are based on the concept of a solid deformable ether. (1) Electric and magnetic forces really express relations about space and time and should be replaced with non-instantaneous elementary actions (his emission theory). (2) Advanced potentials don’t exist (and their erroneous use led to the Rayleigh-Jeans ultraviolet catastrophe). (3) Localization of energy in the ether is vague. (4) It is impossible to reduce gravity to the same notions. (5) The unacceptable inequality of action and reaction is brought about by the concept of absolute motion with respect to the ether. (6) Apparent relativistic mass increase is amenable to a different interpretation. (7) The use of absolute coordinates, independent of all motions of matter, requires throwing away the time honored use of Galilean relativity and our notions of rigid ponderable bodies.
Full text (in html) is available at http://www.shadetreephysics.com/ritz.htm
Comparative Analysis of the Model of Complete and Incomplete Coordinate Systems
(2008)
Mr. Steven Bryant
Primitive Logic, Inc, 704 Sansome Street, San Francisco CA
The continued mathematical validity of the Einstein and Lorentz transformation equations has been mathematically challenged based on namespace analysis and on apparent violations of the rules of algebraic substitution. In addition, the Einstein-Lorentz Special Relativity equations do not properly incorporate frequency into the derivation because they overlook its bi-directional nature and do not account for superposition of waves principle. Furthermore, both Einstein and Lorentz use their equations to transform points instead of lengths. He we compare and contrast the essential characteristics of the Einstein-Lorentz models with the model of Complete and Incomplete Coordinate Systems, which introduces a revised set of length-based transformation equations, addresses the bi-directional nature of frequency, and adheres to the superposition of waves principles. The model of Complete and Incomplete Coordinate Systems is a wave medium (aether) based model that is generalize to apply to oscillating phenomena and moving systems, does not suffer from the same mathematical problems as the Einstein-Lorentz derivations, and uses equations that yield equal or better results that the existing Einstein-Lorentz equations.
Compression vs. Attraction
(2006)
Robert A. Kerr
13401 Rancho Vistoso Blvd. Unit #180, Oro Valley, Arizona 85755 United States; raakerr@yahoo.com
Earthís atmospheric Structure challenges the validity of gravitational attraction as a function of molecular mass. Electromagnetic radiation spatial frequency harmonics do not comply with BIG BANG or currant theories of spatial structure. No logically conceivable explanations have been offered. Since molecular density varies at every altitude, the isobaric altitude structure of Earthís atmospheric field can only be explained by a radially acting inward compression. This paper presents a logically conceivable explanation consistent with fluid dynamics and available data. The critical keys to the puzzle are: Planckís Energy ( ), DeBroglies Equation ( ), the agreement of Quantum Mechanics with Ideal Gas Law and addition of particulate density to Einsteinís Energy Equation ( ) when applied to a gaseous fluid. The unlocking solution is that ! Planckís Constant ( ) is revealed as the kinetic energy of a photon. Photon mass is h divided by the local velocity of light squared. The adds mass to the Quantum Equations for Dynamic Attributes. Photon energy is transmitted by impulse (Momentum). Photon pressure is impulse per unit area (Energy). Photon volumetric confinement is pressure per unit volume (Spin magnitude). Quantum Mechanics utilizes waveforms to simulate the actual fluid mechanics. Hence it produces correct answers without conception of the actual dynamics. Spatial fluid pressure is exerted by photons. It is quantified by absolute temperature. Temperature is the reciprocal of the coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion. Spatial mass concentrations are regenerative because they interfere with and radially organize random particle energy. Spatial fluid mass concentrations are the source of Thermodynamic Entropy. Accumulation of mass reduces available surface area within the mass concentration, which initiates electromagnetic radiation emission.
The Concept of an Ether in Contemporary Physics
(2008)
Phillip J. Lawson
255 S. Rengstorff Ave. #3, Mountain View, CA 94040; philip_lawson@vval.com http://www.newphysics.us
The existence of a material medium or ether for the propagation of electromagnetic waves was an essential requirement for the acceptance of Maxwell’s theory in its early days. However, a series of observations culminating in the Michelson-Morley experiment lead to the abandonment of this hypothesis, and its replacement by the special theory of relativity. This forced Newton’s ideas of the absolute nature of space and time to be set aside and in the process showed that Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic field retained their covariant transformation properties under the new dispensation. In this paper we revisit the notion of an ether within the context of our exposure over a period of 100 plus years to evolving notions of the physical universe. The ether is assumed to consist of monopoles and is modeled by a plasma subject to the laws of statistical mechanics governed by a modified version of Maxwell’s equation to allow for the existence of free magnetic poles created from a single primordial nucleus at the time of the big bang. We leave unanswered for the moment, the issue of the derivation of Maxwell’s equations from the equations of fluid dynamics. In subsequent presentations, we will demonstrate, how this approach enables Maxwell’s equations to be derived from the hypothesis of a monopole plasma. We believe, the present paper lays the foundation for this more ambitious project.
Conclusions About the Simultaneity of Two Events
(2000)
Dr. Vesselin C. Noninski
149 W 12th Street #3-4, New York, NY 10011 United States; vesselin.noninski@verizon.net http://philo.at/kollektion/index.php/browse/index/8?sortId=&recordsPage=16
A ‘gedanken’ experiment is presented whereby two simultaneous events
(from the point of view of an obesrver in a train) trigger an explosion
which destroys a train. A stationary observer using the Special Theory of
Relativity (STR) to determine simultaneity in the train concludes that no
simultaneous events have occurred on the train, hence the train is intact. It
is pointed out that the conclusion the stationary observer makes is
incorrect because it is based on STR as a method to determine
simultaneity.
The Consequences of Assuming that the Speed of Light is not Constant
(2008)
Dr. Robert J. Heaston
220 Arlington Avenue, Naperville, IL 60565; robert@drheaston.com
The speed of light is the mortar that holds together the 20th century physics paradigm, which we have inherited in the 21st century. Many different functions of physics use the speed of light as a proportionality constant, a necessary component, or a limiting condition. Examples abound: special relativity, general relativity, mass-energy equivalence, fine structure constant, Rydberg number, Boltzmann constant, uncertainty principle, electromagnetic spectrum, Maxwell equations, Compton wavelength, properties of free space, Planck scale and many others. Some functions, that will be described, are new to the accepted physics paradigm, such as a specific superforce and the constant gravitation potential of light. The objective of this paper is to show how much of physics is dependent upon the speed of light and to indicate how disastrous the consequences would be if the speed of light were not constant. The constant speed of light must be retained in the 21st century physics paradigm. TOPIC AREA: Natural Philosophy.
Consequences of Founding SRT on the Whole Einstein’s 1905 Paper on Relativity
(2005)
Alex Constantin V. Ceapa
(in absentia) PO Box 1-1035, Bucharest, 014700 Romania; alex_ceapa@yahoo.com
Most parts of modern physics were built on the special relativity theory (SRT), which was based on Einstein’s 1905 paper on relativity, less the derivation of the Lorentz transformation (LT) in that paper. My recent derivation of the LT [GED 16, pp. 3-11 (2005)] - tracing by light the radius vectors of moving geometrical points - discloses the objective physics warranting the ‘mysterious’ manipulation of some equations that led Einstein to the LT in 1905. The correctness of that derivation of the LT enables founding SRT on the whole of Einstein’s 1905 paper on relativity. The perennial criticism of the SRT fails. The meaning of Cartesian coordinate that results for the term of the LT [where ], and that of Newtonian time that results for the term (time in which light travels coordinate ), validated the classical principle of the physical determination of equations in SRT [11th Conf. NPA]. By the energy-momentum relationship, the principle is valid in the relativistic quantum theories, too. There results genuine information - condensed in models of ‘elementary’ particles (electron, photon, etc.) from the terms of their basic equations, which remains to be tested by new experimental techniques and applied to radically novel technologies.
Consequences of the New SRT, Inflowing Space and The Resurrection of The Ether [Part 2]
(2008)
Dr. John R. Warfield
4111 North Drinkwater Boulevard, Apt. F302, Scottsdale, AZ 85251; Warf1002@aol.com
This article is an extension of the paper SRT, GRT and the Resurrection of the Ether [Part 1]. The intention of this document is to use the new unified theory to explain known observations and other assumed hypothetical consequences typically associated with Einstein’s Relativity
Consequences of the Redefinition of the Four Fundamental Forces
(2005)
Dr. Robert J. Heaston
220 Arlington Ave., Naperville, IL 60565 United States; robert@drheaston.com
The four fundamental forces are normally known as the gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong force, and the weak force. These forces have so many differences in physical characteristics that very complex mathematics is required to unify two or more of them. If it is assumed that the familiar Einstein and Planck energy functions actually represent the potential energies of fundamental forces, then the four fundamental forces may be redefined as the gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and the quantum force laws. Three of these forces are inverse square and one is inverse linear. These redefined forces interact to yield over 100 functions of physics. Moreover, the quantum is introduced directly into the concept of force. Five different approaches may be used to derive these forces, but that is not the intent here. The objective of this paper is to take the big picture approach and identify pieces missing in the current understanding of the design of the universe. Whether this approach is valid or not, some interesting con-sequences are revealed that may be pursued by other paths.
Consequences of Relativity
(2005)
Dr. John R. Warfield
8402 East Cactus Wren Drive, Scottsdale, AZ 85250-4905 United States; warf1002@aol.com
The purpose of this paper is to utilize the concepts demonstrated in my papers on General Relativity, Special Relativity and Flowing Space to hypothesize other consequences. Eight consequences are described: 1) The function of a Ferris wheel is discussed. 2) Large rotating astronomical objects are discussed. 3) A gyroscope’s function is discussed. 4) The weight of a non-rotating gyroscope versus a rotating gyroscope is discussed 5) Galileo’s experiment of the equality of the “falling” of a heavy object and a light object is discussed. 6) Gravity and gravitational field are described as two separate entities. 7) The diamagnetic levitation of a frog is discussed. 8) The terminology of physics is discussed.
Consequences of Relativity’s Failure To Control Assumptions
(2005)
Neil E. Munch
402 Russell Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2864; nemunch@cs.com
Like an Escher print with its contradictory viewing assumptions, relativity and related cosmology theories are also flawed by use of contradictory assump-tions. For example, the light wave equations were an assumed basis of special relativity (SRT) equations. So, the time terms in SRT must be the elapsed time of light travel along the length term regardless of its direction, not clock time or clock rates or the age of twins as often assumed. Consequently, its Lorentz transformation (E-LT) is critically flawed. When light passes to and fro over a moving length, the universality of its derivation assumptions requires that length to both contract and dilate at the same instant. That’s impossible. SRT’s erroneous shift to focus on clocks and their simultaneity has side-tracked progress in modern phys-ics for decades. Zero rest mass of a photon, assumed to avoid SRT’s requirement for infinite mass at light speed , is contradicted by the finite rest mass of photons in Bose-Einstein condensate experiments. The presumption by SRT that objects cannot exceed speed can be rejected by the above flaws and because super-luminal speed luminosities are frequently observed in astronomy. Yet, the myth remains that an object’s speed is limited to . It’s quite clear that Minkowski’s space-time concepts contradict E-LT basis in light wave equations, if one only looks. Space-time is easily rejected yet it remains as truth in text books. SRT basis on constant velocity and con-stant constrain its use to rectilinear motion. Yet, SRT and its erroneous space-time concepts formed the basis of general relativity (GRT) and the subsequent Big Bang concepts. Both have questionable validity. All such contradictory assumptions and their conse-quences could have been avoided by good assumptions control.
The Constant Gravitation Potential of Light: Part 1óTheory; Part 2óPhysical Aspects
(2006)
Dr. Robert J. Heaston
220 Arlington Ave., Naperville, IL 60565; robert@drheaston.com
Peter Marquardt
PO Box 45 08 05 , D-50883 Cologne, GERMANY; marquardtp@gmail.com
In NPA 2004, Heaston reported on a theoretical derivation of a gravitational potential of and called it the constant gravitational potential of light and radiant energy. This derivation was a part of a more general theme on ìThe Characterization of Gravitational Collapse as a Mass-Energy Phase Changeî. At the same conference, Marquardt talked about ìThe Potential of Potentials: Old News from a Time-Honored Conceptî, and mentioned the ubiquitous background occurrence of the potential. It is now possible to show that the constant gravitation potential of light is an unexpected consequence of the theoretical derivation of the Einstein field equations of gravitation starting with the Newton law of gravitation. Recognition that is specifically associated with the gravitation potential of light changes the interpretations of a number of theories in physics. For example, a singularity is theo-retically impossible. This paper will be presented in two parts: Part 1 focusing on the theory (Heaston) and Part 2 emphasizing the physical meaning (Marquardt).
Corrected Big Bang Model
(2005)
Charles Sven
41242 North Westlake Ave., Antioch, IL 60002-8604 United States; cjSven@allnewuniverse.com http://allnewuniverse.com
The unsatisfying original Big Bang Model, when pruned of its unsupported mathematical assumptions, and grafted with NEW HiTech findings, generates a corrected Big Bang Model. Assumptions to prune: Einstein's old letter to de Sitter contained the remark “This circumstance [of an expanding Universe] irritates me.” And in another letter about the expanding Universe, he said “To admit such possibilities seems senseless.” #1 Supporter - Arthur Eddington, said in Nature 127, 1931, 450, “Philosophically, the notion of a beginning of present order of Nature is repugnant to me. Š I should like to find a genuine loophole.” In 2004 Simon Singh reported in Big Bang, page 281, that “Eddington also claimed that his version of events could explain something emerging from nothing, thanks to some rather dubious logic.” And in 1993, Eduard Tropp et al reported in Alexander A Friedmann, pp. 156-7, “Friedmann formulates results of his first cosmological paper in just a few sentences: ... 'This brings to mind what Hindu mythology has to say about cycles of existence, and it also becomes possible to speak about 'the creation of the world from nothing.” Hi Tech to graft includes: Earth is Center of the CMB AND of 2dF Quasar Redshift Grafts; Push equals distribution - Supernovae distribution is a mirror image of GRB power graph [Trigger 1406]. Plus much more evidence.
Correction of the Base of Modern Physics
(2003)
Prof. Anatoly A. Denisov
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; http://graviton.neva.ru/index_eng.html
This brochure contains the report of some results of long-term researches started in the 1960s in the former Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, nowadays proceeding in the St. Petersburg Academy of National safety.
These results speak about a radical modernization of the base of modern physics on the bais of the discovery of the electrostrictive field, the electric nature of gravitation, the nature of a fireball, the nature of strong and weak interactions, creation of the theory of Galilei’s relativity and other fundamental discoveries.
The Cosmic Microwave Background: A New Perspective on the 2.7 K Radiation
(2005)
Alexander A. Scarborough
202 View Pointe Lane, LaGrange, Georgia 30241; dubuissonk@bellsouth.net
Three observations provide the fundamental basis for the standard cosmology featuring the Big Bang (BB) concept of universal origins: 1) The observed expansion of the Universe (usually interpreted in the framework of relativity as an expansion of the metric of space); 2) The 2.7 K cosmic background radiation (CBR), interpreted as a remnant of the BB; 3) The apparently successful explanation of the relative abundance of the light elements. Oddly, the same three observations serve even better as the fundamental basis for a different concept: the Little Bangs (LB)/FLINE model of universal origins that intermeshes precisely with the Four Laws of Planetary Motion and the 5-stage evolution of planets and moons via internal nucleo-synthesis that drives all universal evolution. Recent evidence of galaxies so distant that light now arriving at telescopes reflects conditions of the galaxies at least 12.7 billion years ago: stars were appearing "at a prodigious rate" - as predicted by the LB concept. Conversely, the BB provides little, if any, substantiated method for continuous or evolutionary functions of univer-sal systems. This paper concentrates on the 2.7 K CBR, providing strong evidence against the concept of radiation existing as a leftover remnant of the BB. Substantiated evidence reveals the powerful and intimate connection between the 2.7 K CBR and the LB/FLINE model of uni-versal origins. Microwave radiation is relatively short-lived, and must have a constant source to produce it continuously.
Cosmology Based On Absolute Motion
(2005)
Ken H. Seto
260 Yorkshire Lane, OH, 45385; kenseto@erinet.com www.erinet.com/kenseto/book.html
A new model of our Universe, called Model Mechanics (MM), has been formulated. Model Mechanics provides solutions to the fol-lowing problematic cosmological observations: 1) It was discovered in 1998 that far reached regions of the Universe are in a state of accelerated expansion. This discovery disagrees with the current theory of gravity (General Relativity Theory), which posits that the expansion of the Universe should be slowing down. Model Mechanics predicted the accelerated expansion of these far reached regions of the universe in 1993. 2) The observed rotational curves of the galaxies disagree with the predictions of GRT. The existence of a dark matter was introduced to explain these anomalous rotational curves. Model Mechanics posits the existence of dark matter in the form of free S-Particles. 3) The observed path of travel of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft disagrees with the predicted path given by GRT. Pioneer 10 was observed to be in a state of accelerated motion toward the Sun. Model Mechanics explains the anomalous path of Pioneer 10 by the existence of dark matter in the form of free S-Particles in the Sun. 4) The observable universe appears to have a larger horizon than it is allowed by its age. An ad hoc hypothesis called Inflation was invented to overcome the observed horizon problem. The inflation hypothesis allows space to expand at speed faster than that of light and thus avoiding the observed horizon problem. Model Mechanics resolved the horizon problem naturally without resorting to the Inflation hypothesis. Model Mechanics leads to a new theory of gravity called Doppler Theory of Gravity (DTG) and unites gravity with the electromagnetic and nuclear forces naturally [1,2]. It also leads to a complete theory of relativity called IRT (Improved Relativity Theory). IRT includes SRT as a subset. However, unlike SRT, the equations of IRT are valid in all environments…including gravity. Model Mechanics is based on the existence of absolute motion of objects in a stationary and structured light-conducting medium called the E-Matrix. It is the main objective of this proposal to design and perform experiments to confirm the existence absolute motion in the E-Matrix.
Cosmology – The Frozen Embrace of Outlandish Assumptions and Myth
(2008)
Charles Sven
41242 North Westlake Avenue, Antioch, Illinois 60002-8604; cjsven@comcast.net
Today, the findings of modern technology as published by NASA, Stanford Labs, SDSS, Super Kamiokande Studies, and 2dF along with other equivalent research, easily refute the early uncritical observations and assumptions used to imperfectly describe 20th century cosmology, assumptions that persist with such tenacity that many believe they are fact, including a Hindu myth. The foundations of 20th century cosmology as contributed by de Sitter, Lemaître, Friedmann and Milne are noted, dated, documented, and then refuted, negated, and countered with specific above noted modern observations.
On the Coupling Constants in the Linear Approximation of Gravity
(2002)
William R. Koepke
Kremmling, CO United States; w_koepke@yahoo.com
Recent discoveries such as the accelerated expansion of the Universe in conjunction with the distribution of gravitational lenses, the anomalous velocity curves of galaxies, and the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11, behests one to an explanation. Here we find a new solution to Einstein’s field equations, show that because the gravitational field is not a gauge field, gravity is a continuum at all scales, and derive the conditions to uphold Galilean equivalence.
CRITERION AND EROSION MECHANISM OF CAVITATING JET
(2008)
Prof. Zifeng Li
Petroleum Engineering Department, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 China; zfli@ysu.edu.cn http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1459595284
Mechanism of cavitation is introduced. Rationality of cavitating number which is used to judge cavitation and describe cavitating degree of jet is iscussed, and it is found that cavitating condition cannot be obtained from cavitating number. The prerequisite for cavitation is that there exists an area in which absolute pressure is lower than or equal to vaporization pressure. To cavitate jet in high pressure environment, special decompression measure must be undertaken. Problems of Rayleigh equations for calculating impulsion pressure
under annihilation of cavity to explain the fact that cavitating jet is of greater power to break target object than common jet are analyzed. A new explanation is given that target surface pressure pulse from density changes of
cavitating jet which contain cavity is the main factor for breaking target more effectively.
Dance of the Woolly Masters
(1987)
Geoffrey Read
22, Vicarage Road, London, SW14 8RU United Kingdom; jg.read@ukonline.co.uk www.geoffreyread.com
(The title is a pun on ’The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics’, [publ. USA: William Morrows, 1979;UK Rider/Hutchinson, 1979, Fontana Perbacks, 1980]a book by Gary Zukav.)
The profound transmutation undergone by physics in the early years of this century was concomitant with its abrupt awakening from philosophic slumber. Unphilosophic man - the naive realist - believes that the external world closely resembles his perception of it. And the classical physicist, despite certain superficial concessions to subject-object distinctions, remained in all essential respects this naive realist. He really believed that his mechanistic conception, so crudely abstracted from everyday experience, presented a reasonably faithful picture of the physical world. Philosophic man knows better. He knows that while there certainly exists an objective physical reality, those responses to it we call our perceptions are the end-product of an enormously complex, radically constructive, psycho-physiological process; furthermore, that the objectively existing processes which trigger our perceptual responses are often themselves responses triggered initially by our very efforts to perceive the world. So that what the nature of the raw material is at the objective end of this process, he knows we have no means of knowing, unless it be by some equally complex inferential process to which all our empirical knowledge is tributary. And, not through any accession of philosophic wisdom, but because physics had attained that stage of maturity when its discoveries could no longer be accommodated within a naively realistic conceptual framework, the physicist was compelled to recognise as valid this immeasurably more subtle and complex assessment of the true relations existing between observer and observed.
Debate Over – Earth Unquestionably Growing and Expanding
(2008)
Lawrence S. Myers
(in absentia) 1128 Harrogate Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37923-1953; meteordust@comcast.net www.expanding-earth.org
The long-running debate about whether the Earth is expanding can finally be terminated. The verdict: The Earth is undoubtedly growing and expanding, and has been for its entire existence. Its age is impossible to know because a starting point cannot be deter-mined, but it will continue to grow and expand until it eventually reaches the size of Jupiter, and may become another Sun in the Uni-verse. The debate ended with the realization that all of today’s oceans are relatively young (less than 250 million years old), although they now cover 71% of the planet, and have added 40% to its size. This is prima facie evidence the planet was much smaller 250 million years ago and could not have been created in its present size from a solar cloud of gas and dust about 4.6 billion years ago as postulated by Immanuel Kant in 1755 and now believed and taught by most scientists. Why this theory has been perpetuated for more than 250 years is a question the scientific community must think about. This new revelation automatically removes the rationale for invention of the false concept of subduction to maintain Earth at its present diameter! So, with one simple and logical insight both Kant’s nebular hypothesis and the false concept of subduction are rendered null and void. Subduction has never been proved and is physically im-possible due to the countervailing internal pressure of tectonic force, a force greater than that of gravity, the mechanism that controls the Solar System and its planets.
The Deconstruction of Einstein, and the Reconstruction of Human Intelligence in Physics and Elsewhere
(2005)
Francisco J. Müller
8025 S.W. 15th Street, Miami, FL 33144; fjmuller@bellsouth.net home.comcast.net/~Deneb/muller.htm
A centenary compilation of comments about Einstein’s work clearly shows that an Einsteinian cultural bias has pervaded twentieth-century thinking. The enumeration includes sources not only from Einstein’s critics, but from admirers and followers as well. The topics include among others: Einstein’s ‘proof’ of Lorentz’s equations; Einstein’s ‘proof’ of ; Einstein’s disregard of tidal forces in his equivalence principle; Einstein’s wrong ideas regarding cosmology; the fame that was engineered for Einstein by Eddington with the eclipse of 1919; the enmity that Einstein expressed for quantum physics, a monster the he had helped to create. Einstein’s talent was to use ideas of others, add something of his own, and thereby create a mixture that careful study reveals to make no sense at all. On the positive side, this paper tackles the much more difficult task of reconstructing human intelligence after the Einstein fad has destroyed it. But some starting points are indicated as hope for the future.
Derivation of the Classical Universal Electrodynamic Force
(2006)
Dr. Charles William Lucas Jr.
29045 Livingston Dr., Mechanicsville, MD 20659-3271 United States; bill.lucas001@gmail.com www.commonsensescience.org
A new universal electromagnetic force law for real finite-size elastic charged particles is derived by solving simultaneously the fundamental empirical laws of classical electrodynamics, i.e. Gauss's laws, Ampere's generalized law, Faraday's law, and Lenz's law assuming Galilean invariance. This derived version of the electromagnetic force law incorporates the effects of the self-fields of real finite-size elastic particles as observed in particle scattering experiments. It can account for gravity, inertia, and relativistic effects including radiation. The non-radial terms of the force law explain the experimentally observed curling of plasma currents, the tilting of the orbits of the planets with respect to the equatorial plane of the sun, and certain inertial gyroscope motions. The derived force law satisfies Newton 's third law, conservation of energy and momentum, conservation of charge, and Machís Principle. The mathematical properties of equations for the fundamental empirical laws and also Hooperís experiments showing that the fields of a moving charge move with the charge require that the electrodynamic force be a contact force based on field extensions of the charge instead of action-at-a-distance. The Lorentz force is derived from Galilean invariance. The most general form of the force law, derived using all the higher order terms of the Galilean transformation, is assumed to be exact for all phenomena on all size scales. Arguments are given that this force law is superior to all previous force laws, i.e. relativistic quantum electrodynamic, gravitational, inertial, strong interaction and weak interaction force laws.
Derivation of a Universal Electromagnetic Force Law for Finite-Size Elastic Charged Particles
(2005)
Dr. Charles William Lucas Jr.
29045 Livingston Dr., Mechanicsville, MD 20659-3271; bill.lucas001@gmail.com www.commonsensescience.org
A new electromagnetic force law for real finite-size elastic charged particles is derived by solving simultaneously the fundamental em-pirical laws of classical electrodynamics, i.e. Gauss’s laws, Ampere’s generalized law, Faraday’s law, Lorentz’s law, and Lenz’s law assuming Galilean invariance and noting that both the superposition principle for electromagnetic fields and the point-particle as-sumption assumed by Maxwell are experimentally false. This derived version of the electromagnetic force law contains extensions to Weber’s force law that account for gravity, inertia, relativistic effects including radiation, and also the non-radial terms that explain the experimentally observed curling of plasma currents. The derived force law satisfies Newton’s third law, conservation of energy and momentum, and Mach’s Principle. Galilean invariance is shown to mathematically require that the electromagnetic force be a contact force based on field extensions of the charge instead of action-at-a-distance and is used to derive the Lorentz force law. From the per-spective of the derived electromagnetic potential between two moving charges, it appears that the ‘relativistic’ corrections to the Cou-lomb static potential are just geometrical terms that take into account the effective distance between the charges due to the corkscrew motion of the moving charges and the induced field effects of Lenz’s law.
Description of the Overall Electromagnetic Spectrum in Terms of Discrete Theoretical Bands
(2005)
Dr. Robert J. Heaston
220 Arlington Ave., Naperville, IL 60565 United States; robert@drheaston.com
The normal interpretation of the electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum defined by the Planck energy relationship. A different ex-planation starts with the classical radius of the electron, the Compton wavelength, and the Bohr radius. These three lengths may be related as follows. Any wavelength is equal to the Compton wavelength divided by the fine structure constant to the power. Consequently, -2 gives the classical radius, 0 is the Compton wavelength, and 2 is the Bohr radius, or minimum Bohr or-bit. The maximum atomic orbit occurs at 4. The electromagnetic spectrum is composed of gamma rays ( 0 to 2), x-rays ( 2 to 4), ultraviolet ( 4 to 6), infrared ( 6 to 8), millimeter waves ( 8 to 10), and the Radio Spectrum with a one-band overlap ( 9 to 19). The electromagnetic spectrum may be extended at the high frequency end by another 21 bands to the Planck scale and extended on the low frequency end by 17 bands to the size of the Universe. The three sections define a universal spectrum.
The Detection of Absolute Motion: From 1887-2005
(2005)
Prof. Reginald T. Cahill
(in absentia) School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Adelaide, 5001 Australia; Reg.Cahill@flinders.edu.au http://www.scieng.flinders.edu.au/cpes/people/cahill_r/processphysics.html
Physics textbooks assert that in the famous 1887 interferometer experiment to detect absolute motion Michelson and Morley saw no rotation-induced fringe shifts; it was a null experiment. However this is incorrect. Their published data revealed to them the expected fringe shifts, but that data gave a speed of some 8km/s using a Newtonian theory for the operation of the interferometer, and so was rejected by them solely because it was less than the 30km/s orbital speed of the earth. A 2002 post relativistic-effects analysis for the operation of this device however gives a speed > 300km/s. So this experiment detected both absolute motion and the breakdown of Newtonian physics. So far another six experiments, four using a Michelson interferometer in gas-mode and two coaxial cable 1st order v/c experiments, have confirmed this first detection of absolute motion in 1887. These experiments imply that the 1905 Einstein pos-tulate for the observer-invariance of the speed of light is invalid, and that the spacetime ontology is experimentally falsified. A new first order experiment is being constructed here in 2005 to measure with greater accuracy not only the velocity of absolute motion, but also to study the wave phenomena already seen in earlier experiments.
Developments on the Postulate on the Velocity of Light in the Twentieth Century
(2005)
Dr. Domina Eberle Spencer
Dept. of Mathematics, Storrs, CT 06269; terri.mascardo@uconn.edu
Uma Shama
Bridgewater State College, Bridgewater, Massachusetts
Galileo was the first person to attempt to measure the velocity of light. Einstein was remarkable in 1905 in recognizing that a postulate on the velocity of light was necessary. But only two years later in 1907 he found it necessary to revise his original postulate. The very next year in 1908 Ritz proposed a radically different postulate. It was nearly half a century later that the universal time postulate was first proposed by Moon and Spencer in 1956. It was not until 1990 that the general formulation of the universal time postulate was developed by Moon, Spencer and Moon. Today we know that electromagnetic signals from moving sources can be synchronized. The paper reviews the experimental evidence for accepting the universal time postulate.
Dirac’s Equation and the Sea of Negative Energy
(2004)
Don L. Hotson
Don Hotson P. O. Box 789, Green Mountain Falls, CO 80819 United States; donhotson@yahoo.com
Dirac’s wave equation is a relativistic generalization of the
Schrödinger wave equation. In 1934 this brilliantly successful
equation was shorn of half of its solutions by a questionable
bit of mathematical slight-of-hand. Because it was
“politically correct,” this bit of juggling became the accepted
interpretation. However, recent developments have
shown the very basis of this mathematical trick to be invalid,
in that it would involve massive violations of conservation.
A reevaluation is therefore warranted.
The Schrödinger wave equation has been said to “contain
most of physics and all of chemistry.” Since Dirac’s equation
is a relativistic generalization of this already generally applicable
wave equation, in formulating it Dirac expected that
its solutions would describe “everything that waves.” Since
all matter and energy evolve as waves, Dirac thought his
equation would be a unitary “theory of everything.”
However, the discovery of several new particles and peer criticism
resulting in the truncation of the equation frustrated
this expectation, and it is generally known at present as
“Dirac’s equation of the electron.”
Discourses & Mathematical Illustrations pertaining to the Extinction Shift Principle under the Electrodynamics of Galilean Transfomations
(2008)
Dr. Edward Henry Dowdye Jr.
8150 Lakecrest Drive #321, Greenbelt, MD 20770; ehdowdye@verizon.net http://www.extinctionshift.com
You can search continually the known cosmic sky with the most modern instruments without ever finding direct evidence for gravitational lensing in the optical region of the spectrum as suggested by the light bending rule of General Relativity. With modern instruments, the evidence should be clearly revealed. The cosmic sky should be filled with visible lensing effects on the light emitted from background sources, everywhere coinciding with the presence of point-like super massive bodies in the foreground. We shall now look at both the observational evidence and the conventional wisdom.
Dissident Interests
(2008)
Viraj Fernando
100, Mornelle Court, #1100, Toronto, M1E 4X2 Canada; virajplf@yahoo.co.uk
At a certain level of development of human knowledge in any given field of study, new facts and phenomena that are discerned at a later period, come in conflict with some of the existing concepts and conventions on which older theories are based. These concepts and conventions which have previously facilitated and fostered the development of knowledge turn into fetters to its further development. This crisis may even necessitate a change of the entire conceptual framework radically, and along with it, the ruling paradigms to be more or less rapidly transformed. This is due to the fact that concepts as a rule are formulated imprecisely by way of errors or omissions unforeseen or consciously done by the use of Occam’s razor by their authors. Because of this imprecision, concepts formulated to explain phenomena in earlier theories become inadequate and a hindrance to explain new phenomena discovered later on. In order to break through this impasse, earlier concepts and conventions should be analysed to find out the errors or omissions inherent in them and correct or amend them, or if they are wrong altogether, new concepts must be formulated to replace the existing ones.
The Doppler Effect at Photon Emission
(2003)
Prof. Philipp M. Kanarev
350063 Krasnodar, Pushkin str. 11, apt. 19, Russia, Krasnodar, Russian Federation; kanphil@mail.ru http://Kanarev.innoplaza.net
Journal of Theoretics, V5, N6, 5pp. (Dec 2003/Jan 2004).
Doppler’s 1842 Aether-based Concepts Provide the Only Known Solution to the Two-Frame Light Travel Problem, and Possibly Other Concerns in Astronomy
(2005)
Neil E. Munch
402 Russell Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2864 United States; nemunch@cs.com
The ‘two-frame light travel problem’ is best seen by considering spherical waves from a moving source as seen by an observer Q on that ‘moving’ frame and by an observer P on a ‘stationary’ frame. When those two simultaneous views are precisely plotted on a sin-gle graph, it’s clear that each part of a wave must be at two locations at the same instant as described in more detail in this paper. That’s true whether relativistic or non-relativistic equations are used -- as long as aether is not assumed. Such wave discontinuities are impossible in a logical world and are contrary to an enormous amount of Doppler data which would certainly reveal those disconti-nuities if they existed. The discontinuities disappear if we return to Doppler’s original [1842] equations which were based on presence of an ‘aether’. Unfortunately, Doppler was counseled to drop his longitudinal light wave views soon after 1842 and the discontinuities without an ether have remained unseen since t |